经典的理论是解释不了物质萨克效应的。

下边是有关介绍。我就不翻译了。

2.2 Universality of the Sagnac Effect

The experimental data show that: (i) the Sagnac fringe shift (1) does not
depend either on the presence of a co-moving optical medium or on the group
velocity of the counter-propagating beams; (ii) the Sagnac time difference
(2) does not depend either on the light wavelength or on the presence of a
co-moving optical medium. This is a first important clue of the universality
of the Sagnac effect. However, the most compelling claim for the universal
character of the Sagnac effect comes from the validity of eq. (1) not for light
beams only, but also for any kind of ”entities” (such as electromagnetic
and acoustic waves, classical particles and electron Cooper pairs, neutron
beams and De Broglie waves and so on...) travelling in opposite directions
along a closed path in a rotating interferometer, with the same (in absolute
value) velocity with respect to the turntable. This fact is well proved by experimental texts (see Subsection 2.3).

Of course the entities take different times for a complete round-trip, depending
on their velocity relative to the turntable; but the difference between
these times is always given by eq. (2). So, the amount of the time difference
is always the same, both for matter and light waves, independently of the
physical nature of the interfering beams.

This astounding but experimentally well proved ”universality” of the
Sagnac effect is quite inexplicable on the basis of the classical physics, and
invokes a geometrical explanation in the Minkowskian space-time of the
SRT.

2.3 Experimental tests and derivation of the Sagnac Effect
The Sagnac effect with matter waves has been verified experimentally using
Cooper pairs[41] in 1965, using neutrons[42] in 1984, using 40Ca atoms
beams[43] in 1991 and using electrons, by Hasselbach-Nicklaus[44], in 1993.
The effect of the terrestrial rotation on neutron phase was demonstrated in
1979 by Werner et al.[45] in a series of famous experiments.

《利用原子干涉仪的相位调制进行绝对转动测量》
摘选：

• 原子惯性传感技术中，原子陀螺是基于原子干涉
  仪的Sagnac效应来实现对转动角速度的测量，是一种
  物质波陀螺．其概念最早由Altschuler和Franz在1973
  年提出 ，并于1991年Carnal小组利用杨氏双缝实验
  实现了原子束的干涉；Pritchard小组利用三组机械光
  栅实现了马赫泽德型原子干涉仪；Bord~小组利用四
  个激光驻波场对原子束进行分束，实现了Ramsey．
  Bord~型干涉仪，并进行了原子Sagnac效应的测量；
  Chu小组利用冷原子束，采用拉曼跃迁分束的方式实
  现了原子干涉仪，并进行了重力测量 J．1998年
  Kasevich小组采用基于受激拉曼越迁分束的空间型原
  子干涉仪和双向对射原子束技术使得原子陀螺转动
  测量的短期灵敏度达到6×10 。mds～Hz-1 _9 ，
  已经超过同期最好的光学陀螺⋯ ．法国Landragin小
  组和德国Ertmer小组分别采用时间型干涉仪实现冷
  原子陀螺 ' J．近年来，原子陀螺技术逐步解决了长
  期稳定性n' 和系统集成问题 ，开始向工程实用化
  阶段发展⋯ ．美国Kasevich小组的原子陀螺实现了
  零漂小于70 gdegh～ ，随机游走误差小于3肚deg
  h-1 _1
  ， 精度已经可以用于惯性导航，并且实现了加
  速度和转动角速度的分别测量H'" ．Landragin小组
  采用双向对射原子束，通过改变拉曼激光的激发方
  向和干涉仪的架构方案实现了三轴旋转角速度和三
  向加速度的同机测量和六自由度的系统集成H ．

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只能先供参考一下了，我是感觉激光驻波形成的“光栅”能把原子束分离得多开呢？
是否主要还是依靠的“横向旋转sagnac效应”呢，先只猜测吧，