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Experimental Confirmation for the Rotational Effect of Light Source LIU, Wu-qing ChongQing TongJunGe Joint-stock Company West Libration Road, 1, Building 5 YuZhong District ChongQing 400012 Telephone: 023-89885201 URL: http://cqfyl.nease.net> E-mail: cqfyl@163.net Abstract The light can cause the photocell to generate the electric current. After the light source rotates, or the light goes through a rotating transparent medium, or the light is reflected by a rotating reflective medium, the data of current and light-pressure, etc. produced by the photocell due to the light is different from the data for the stationary light source. This phenomenon is called the rotational effect of light source. The Compton effect (or called Compton-Wu effect) is presented as the energy decrease, the wavelength increase and the frequency decrease of a portion of light; the optical rotational effect of lights is presented in an opposite way, i.e. the energy increase, the wavelength decrease and the frequency increase of a portion of light. I have described, in another article, the experiment of the rotating object where the light source is. This article is to describe the experiment about the phenomena generated when the light going through the rotational transparent medium. Key words: Energy, Light source rotation, Compton effect, Rotational convex lens Introduction In 1922, American physicist Compton discovered the Compton effect. Chinese physicist WU You-xun carried out many experiments and confirmed the Compton effect together with Mr. Compton, therefore it is referred as “Compton-Wu effect” in some literatures. The light can cause the photocell to generate the electric current. After the light source rotates (the body where the light source is at rotates), or after the light goes through a rotating transparent medium, or after the light is reflected by the rotating reflective medium, the phenomena of that the current and light-pressure, etc. (produced by the photocell due to the light) has been influenced is called the light source rotational effect. This article lets the light to pass through the rotational transparent medium and to pass through the stationary transparent medium, then shine to the photocell. Comparing the electric current produced by above both ways, the current values shall be different. Thus, by using the means of letting the light to pass through the transparent medium, it demonstrates the emergence of a new optical phenomenon, then confirms the light source rotational effect. The Compton (or Compton-Wu) effect is presented as the energy decrease, the wavelength increase and the frequency decrease of a portion of light; the optical rotational effect of lights is presented in an opposite way, i.e. the energy increase, the wavelength decrease and the frequency increase of a portion of light. (1) Experimental principle An object, comparing when it is rotating and when it is stationary, has more kinetic energy (or momentum) in the former case; at the same time has centrifugal force when it is rotating. I have written that, in the patent manual published in 2002 by Chinese Patent Bureau, “the light passes through the transparent object, if rotating the transparent object. When the intensity, frequency and the distance from the photocell are unchanged, the electric current generated by the photocell has a certain value. But when the light beam passes through the transparent (or reflective) object, it is effected when the transparent object is moving or rotating, specially is seen on the current intensity of light pressure and photoelectric effect. The light passes through the moving light path, convex or concave lenses, or convex and concave coexistent lenses. The effects of 3 ways (i.e. the light source itself rotating, the passing through a transparent object and the passing through a reflective object) are identical.”[1] After the light passes through the region where the energy (or momentum) is large, the energy of light increases; this is the principle of this experiment. (2) Experimental equipments and materials 2.1 Light source Using the scattered light, installing the cream color energy-saving light above the bench drill. 2.2 Electrical drill The specification: 13mm in diameter, rotational speed of 2600 revolutions per minute. 2.3 Convex lens Using the semifinished product of presbyopic glasses, the product name: galbanum (white resin), the specification: 65mm in diameter, the spherical glass: +8.00, the thickness: 1.2, drilling a round hole of 6 mm in diameter at the center of convex lens. 2.4 Screw and nuts The specification: screw with the diameter of 6 mm and the length of 150 mm, 1 piece; nuts with the diameter of 6 mm, 2 pieces. 2.5 Luxmeter Model: FX-101 with the minimal measurement range of 1 Lux (3) Experimental method The detailed method is: to drill a hole at the middle of convex lens, to put the screw through the hole, then to hold the convex lens firmly by two nuts; then, to mount the screw on the head of electric drill. There exists the scattered (i.e. the soft) light above the electric drill. The focus equipment is installed above the lamp, or the device (e.g. the scattering screen, the softening paper or the reflective umbrella, etc.) to scatter the light is attached on the lamp, then the light emitted has the diffusive feature, the resulting light is rather soft. After the scattered light passes through the convex lens, due to its focusing effect, the focused light beam is formed and illuminates on the luxmeter. Under the condition that the distance between the convex lens and the light-receiving place is unchanged, the readings on luxmeter are different between when convex lens is rotating and when it is stationary. The scattered light goes through the stationary convex lens to form a focused light beam that arrives at the luxmeter to generate a reading. The distance between the convex lens and the luxmeter is adjusted so that the reading on the luxmeter is 9, which also can be any other values. The scattered light goes through the rotating convex lens to form a focused light beam that arrives at the luxmeter to generate a second reading. Compare the difference between these two readings. The followings are the schematic diagrams. Figure 1 is for the stationary convex lens; Figure 2 is for the rotating one. Notice that after the light passing through the rotating transparent medium and arriving at the luxmeter and photocell, the reading on luxmeter and the current intensity on ampere-meter is different from the light passing through the same distance to arrive at the luxmeter and photocell when the rotating transparent medium is stationary. Figure 1 Screw Stationary convex lens Focused light beam Data Figure 2 Screw Focused light beam Data (4) Experimental data Data: (the unit is lux, if adding a black paper [with a round hole of 6 mm diameter in the middle] at the light receiving place of luxmeter to block the light, when the focused light beam is illuminated at the round hole, the data unit on the luxmeter is no longer the lux, but there is still the data measurement. The reading on the luxmeter illuminated by the scattered light from the indoor lamp: 4. The distance between the convex lens and the luxmeter is unchanged. The reading when the focused light beam illuminating on the luxmeter after the scattered light passing through the stationary convex lens: 9. The reading when the focused light beam illuminating on the luxmeter after the scattered light passing through the rotating convex lens: 10. Table 1. The change on the luxmeter readings for a same light passing through the stationary convex lens and through the rotating convex lens
(5) New physical phenomena This experiment shows that, after the convex lens rotates, there are effects on the reading of luxmeter, i.e. the current generated via the photoelectric effect increases. Three different data appear in this experiment: (a) Data for the indoor scattered light: data is 4, normal; (b) Data when the convex lens is stationary (plus the effect of indoor scattered light on the photocell): data is 9, normal; (c) Data when the convex lens is rotating (including the effects of indoor scattered light and of rotation of convex lens): data is 10. The difference between (b) and (c) is 1, which is abnormal. This shows that there is a new physical phenomenon. (6) Experimental analysis From the increase of the reading on luxmeter, it can be understood as the energy of light increases, the wavelength of light decreases, the frequency of light increases. From the theoretical analysis and the experimental measurement, comparing the rotating and stationary objects, the energy (and momentum) of the former is larger than the latter, and is not in the same order of magnitude comparing with the energy of light quantum, also the difference is extremely large, i.e. the energy of the rotating object is far greater than of the light quantum. Therefore, 3 different data appear during the experimental process. The data for the indoor scattered light is normal, data is 4, can be explained by the existing theory. When the convex lens is stationary, the data generated on the photocell is 9, also can be explained by the existing theory. The abnormal data appears when the convex lens rotating, data is 10 which is related with the rotation of convex lens. The difference of current generated by the photocell is 1 due to the light source is rotating and is stationary. From the view of experimental equipment and method used, this data of 1 is reliable which is not caused by the experimental error, but is caused by the different conditions (i.e. the convex lens is rotating or stationary). For this difference of 1, no existing theory can explain, i.e. it is a new physical phenomenon. This data increase of 1 may be similarly explained with the existing Compton (or Compton-Wu) effect that is presented as the energy decrease, the wavelength increase and the frequency decrease of a portion of light; the optical rotational effect of lights is presented as the energy increase, the wavelength decrease and the frequency increase of a portion of light. The Compton effect did not experiment on the rotation of X-ray source or of receiving place. Therefore, for the Compton effect it should further experiment on the rotation of light source or of receiving place or of both, in order to prove the Compton effect from the view angle of light source rotation. The experiment described in this paper shows that the energy can affect the light; the interaction force (centrifugal force) can affect the light; the light can transmit the energy and the interaction force (centrifugal force); there is the close relation between light and energy as well as between light and force. The energy of electric charged particles can be increased with electron electrostatic accelerator and cyclotron accelerator. The rotation of light source is a way to increase the energy of non-electric-charged particles (e.g. photons), the method of multiple level of light source rotation may be used too. (7) Experimental conclusion This experiment has shown that the light with the frequency of V and the intensity of P passing through the rotating transparent medium causes the change on the current generated by photocell (plus the amperemeter), also on the reading of luxmeter. The energy of light increases, its wavelength decreases and its frequency increases. The experiments about the rotation of the object where the light source is at have been done, e.g. the rotation of the pen-shape laser and of the violet LED (light emission diode), etc. The experimental result is that the amperemeter (photocell) and the readings of luxmeter have had the change. These have been mentioned in my articles (e.g. “The experimental proof of that there is limitation on the energy formula and the photoelectric equation of Einstein light quantum”, etc.)[2] The further experimental direction: to increase the rotational speed of the rotating transparent medium; to use more accurate apparatus, e.g. the now available “measurement device for photoelectric effect”, etc.; to use the phototube to measure the change on Plank constant. Also, the rotation of the rotating transparent medium has 3 states: acceleration, deceleration and uniform speed, to find the variation patterns on the photoelectric current intensity, the light pressure, the light quantum, the energy intensity of energy quantum as well as the frequency and the wave length for these 3 states. To determine whether it is a variation of the frequency V, or of the intensity P, or of V and P together? (the variation on the measured line position when a light enters the spectrum meter). The variation of temperature (with the digital thermometer) can be measured by putting the thermometer at the focused (round) position before and after the rotation. The relationship should be found between photon and electron during the process of a light passing through the rotating transparent medium, between the monochromatic light (i.e. with a single frequency) and the photoelectric current reading (of photocell), light pressure. To find the variation pattern on the luxmeter reading and light pressure when the rotating transparent medium is a conductor. References
[1] Wu-qing LIU, The patent application manual published by Chinese Patent Bureau with the title of “Rotational effect of light source”. Patent number: 1348094, publishing date: 2002.05.08 [2] Wu-qing LIU, “The experimental proof of that there is limitation on the energy formula and the photoelectric equation of Einstein light quantum” at the web site “Contemporary Physics World – Collection of Physics Theses” with the URL of http://www.physicswd.com>, publishing date: 2003.09.15 Also, once published at ISSN 1531-085x Copyright 2003 USA Matter Regularity No 3. Brief introduction of the author
LIU Wu-qing, male, born in August of 1947. His research directions are the new effects in the fields of physics, chemistry, optics, and acoustics, etc.; the effect on the universal gravitational force by the screened electric force, magnetic force and electromagnetic force; the electrochemical reaction in magnetic field and electronic field; the phenomenon generated by the rotation of light source and of acoustic source, etc. He has been won the teach-oneself-to-be-success award at the ChongQing city, the SiChuan province and the national levels. The key words searched on WWW: three effects, Newtonian universal gravitational force, photoelectric equation, field electric source, effect of light source rotation. Name of personal web site: three effects. URL: http://cqfyl.nease.net> E-address: cqfyl@163.net ※※※※※※ 刘武青 |