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两星绕转目击回忆录(附讨论）07 于丁羽 ---- Memorizing the witness of two stars rotating each other Yu, Dingyu 有一天晚上，我在户外，抬头看见满天星星，密密麻麻的。这时，有一颗星星突然移动起来，并逐渐加快。当它移到另一颗星星的一侧时，这两颗星星顺势互相环绕，各绕了半周，移过来的那颗绕到了另一侧。然后，原来不动的那颗仍然不动，移过来的那颗又顺势返回去了，并逐渐减慢，最后停在它起动的位置附近。 One evening, I rambled outside to feel the quiet atmosphere and watched numeral stars twinkling on the sky. Suddenly, I noticed that one star started to move. It moved slowly at the beginning and getting faster. When it moved close to another star the two stars started to go around each other for a half circle. Then, the second star stopped and kept standstill, while the first star that had reached the opposite side continued to move back in its coming direction along the tangent of the circle. It moved with a gradually reducing speed and finally stopped at nearly the original position. 两星的起始距离约为月面直径，走过这段距离所用的时间约为5秒，做加速直线运动。互相环绕的距离约为月面直径的五分之一，环绕半周所用的时间约为1秒，做均速圆周运动。返回的最后距离约为月面直径，返回所用的时间约为5秒，返回方向与靠近方向相反，做减速直线运动。最终停在它起动的位置附近，就再也不动了，很长时间两颗星星都不动了。 The distance between the two stars before the first one moved is about the same as the diameter of the moon. It took the first star about five seconds to move through this distance. The movement is believed to be along a straight line and with increasing or decreasing speed. The diameter of the locus circle is about one fifth of that of the moon and it took the two stars about one second to go around the half circle. The movement can be classified as along an exact circle with a constant speed. The returning distance is the same as the reaching distance and the time spent is also the same. The returning direction is just opposite the coming direction and the returning movement is also along a straight line with a reducing speed. It was observed for a quite long time the two stars were never moved after the first one returned to its original position. 该天文现象发生的时间大约是1965年，12月份，某一天晚上8点左右。观测地点在长春市郊区[东经125度北纬44度]。该双星在天空中的位置为正东方向，距天顶约20度。绕转时两星在同一条旋扫直径的两端，各转了180度，画出的两段弧几乎组成正圆。绕转之前移动方向为自北向南，沿圆周的切线运动。绕转之后移动方向为自南向北，也是沿圆周的切线运动。这两颗星的亮度相等，不是很亮，但肉眼可清楚看见。整个运动过程及其后很长时间，亮度都没有变化。 It was about 8 o’clock in the evening Beijing time in December 1965 when this astronomic phenomenon was happen to be observed, but the exact date could not be recalled. The observing place is in the suburb of Changchun, in the northeast of China. The location of the two stars in the sky is described as of 70o above the horizontal in the east. When the two stars moved around they looked to be on the two ends of a rotating diameter of the locus circle that is almost a standard circle. The approaching direction of the first star to the second one is from the north to the south and the returning direction is from the north to the south. Both of approaching and returning movements are along the tangent of the circle. The two stars were not very bright but can be seen with naked eyes (If we define the first class brightness of stars as can be seen when you stare on it while the second class as can be seen when you glance on it but could not found when you stare on it, the two stars should be of the first class brightness). Their brightness was equal and did not change during the process and quite a period of time later. 由于当时对此天文现象认识不足，没有刻意记录准确的时间，也没有测量天区及认定星座，拖延的时间太久，以至失去了应有的学术价值。这两颗星现在还在天上挂着，天气晴朗时，肉眼仍能看到，只是笔者已认不准是哪两颗了。任何现象都会留下蛛丝马迹，有兴趣的朋友可以根据本文提供的线索跟踪观测，最终一定会把这两颗星找到的。即使偏心率越大，周期越长，也总会有个周期吧。如果能对下次绕转做出预报，让大家都能目睹这一奇观，不失为爱好者的一件幸事。 Due to the lack of knowledge in the field of astronomy at the time, the author neither recorded the exact time, nor measured the location area. The name of the star system was also not identified. After so long time, the academic value of the observation, which is supposed to be significant, may be lost. It is believed that the two stars are still on the sky and should be seen in the night when it is clear. It just that the author 我们知道，月球的直径是3480公里，月球到地球的距离是384000公里。根据亮度，我们可以假定，绕转的双星距离我们300光年。由于光是直线传播的，根据相似形对应边成比例的公式，我们可以计算出，绕转时两星的距离为0.54光年，两星的线速度为光速的2700万倍。 Appendix: Discussion As we know that the diameter of the moon is 3480 km and the distance between the earth and the moon is 384000 km. Moreover, we could assume according to their brightness that the distance between the two stars is 300 light-year. Using the principle of similarity (the ratio of the corresponding sides of the two similar triangles are the same) and that light transmits along a straight line, it can be calculated that the diameter of the locus circle, around which the two stars moved, is 0.54 light-year and the line speed of the two stars when they moved around is as 2.7 million times high as the light transmit speed. 我们还可以进一步假定，这两颗星的质量相同，都是太阳质量的1.5倍，即都是297万亿亿亿公斤。利用万有引力和向心力的公式，我们可以计算出，绕转所需的向心力为万有引力的3400亿亿亿倍。这说明该向心力不可能是由万有引力提供的。我们知道，宇宙中只有万有引力和电磁力这两种长程力。那麽，这个向心力就只能是由电磁力提供的了。也就是说，这两颗星带有相反的电荷，因而会产生静电引力。假定两星所带的电荷数量相等，根据库仑定律，我们可以计算出，在两星中平均每19100个原子单位质量，就必须带有一个电子电荷，所产生的静电引力才能够提供足够的向心力。也就是说，平均在19100个中子当中，要夹带一个过剩质子或电子（反质子）。 We could further assume that the two stars have the same mass of 1.5 times of the sun’s mass, or 297 thousand billion billion billon kilogram. Using the formula of the Universal Gravitation and the Centrifugal Force, we can calculate that the centrifugal force required for rotation is 3.4 billion billion billion times of the universal gravity. This implies that it is not possible that the centrifugal force is provided by the universal gravity. It is known in present there exist only two types of force in the universe which can act in a long distance: universal gravitation force and the electromagnetic force. Then, the centrifugal force will be the electromagnetic force. In other words, the two stars have positive and negative electric charges and therefore they are attracted each other electronically. If the electric charges in the two stars are supposed to be equal, it can be calculated according to the Kulun’s theorem that 19100 nuclear unity masses must have one electron, such that the electromagnetic force produced can provide enough centrifugal force for the rotation. Or it can be further stated as there exists a redundant proton or electron. 如果是普通恒星，带这麽多电荷是不可能稳定存在的。它会由于电荷的斥力而爆炸分散开的。因为这个斥力也会比万有引力大3400亿亿亿倍（忽略电荷的趋肤效应）。但是，如果是两颗中子星，我 们 可 以 把 它 想 象 成 是 两 个 巨 大 的 原 子 核 。 在 原 子 核 中 ， 核 力 要 比 电 磁 力 大 137 倍。这种短程力能使原子核保持稳定，当然也能使带电中子星保持稳定。 It is not possible for a normal planet to be stable when it brings so much electric charge. It will explore due to the repel force because this repel force is 3.4 billion billion billion times higher than the universal gravity force. However, it is possible that the two stars are neutron stars and we can imagine that they are two huge nuclei. In nuclei nuclear force is 137 times higher than the electromagnetic force. The nuclear force can maintain the stability of a nuclei so that it can also maintain the stability of the neutron stars. 至于中子星上的电荷是怎样聚积起来的，特别是负电荷，这相当于带负电的原子核（反物质），这个问题也许是上帝安排的吧。 About how the electric charges in the nuclear stars are accumulated, especially negative electric charges that are similar to the nuclei with negative charges, this could be arranged by God. 另外，两星的移动和绕转是由巨大的引力拉动的。那麽，在移过来之前和移回去之后的长时间里，这两颗星却在保持静止不动。此时，这个巨大的引力跑到哪里去了？是减弱了，还是消失了。我们可否想象成，这是由于附近其他星体所带电荷，在两星周围产生的电磁场在起作用，抵消了这个力。也就是说，这个力的变化以及每颗星的位置变化，是由星座中所有星体（和黑洞）的共同作用之和所决定的。 Besides, the movement and rotation of the two stars are caused by a huge gravitational force. However, these two stars are maintained standstill before they were moved over and after moved away. Where was the force when they were standstill? Is it reduced or disappeared? We could imagine that the force was balanced by an electromagnetic force generated by the electric charges in the other stars through an electromagnetic field around the stars. Furthermore, the changes of the force as well as the changes of the position of each star are determined by the actions of all stars within one star system. 质量是太阳数十亿倍的超级黑洞，也许是带电恒星。其质量并不比太阳大多少，只是其带电而产生巨大引力罢了。此引力并非万有引力，而是电磁力。同样，暗物质也许是带电的，其引力也许大部分是电磁力。 People believes that the mass of a super black hole, or may be planet with electricity, could be a few billion times higher than that of the sun. However, with the above discovery and analysis I think the mass of a super black hole should be similar to that of the sun, its huge gravitational force must be generated when it has huge electric charges. This force is not the universal gravity but electromagnetic force. Similarly, the dark substance (暗物质 do not know how to translate this word) is possible with electricity and its attraction is mainly electromagnetic force. 以上只是笔者的个人浅见，欢迎各位朋友发表高论。 The above is the author’s preliminary analysis. Comments and further analysis are welcome and highly appreciated. 2004年10月 December 2004 |